Means for ornamenting wood



3 Sheets Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

0. L. GOEHRING.

MEANS FOR ORNAMBNTING WOOD.

Patented Aug. 9, 1892.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

0. L. GOEHRING. MEANS FOR ORNAMENTI-NG WOOD.

No. 480,462. Patented Aug. 9, 1892.

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7 (No Model.) 3 SheetsSheet 3.

G. L. GOEHRING.

MEANS FOR ORNAMBNTING W001). No. 480,462. Patented Aug. 9, 1892.

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W ATTORNEJ S IJNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES L. GOEHRING, OF ALLEGHENY, PENNSYLVANIA.

MEANS FOR ORNAMENTING WOOD.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 480,462, dated August9, 1892.

Application filed September 6, 1890- Serial No. 364, (N0 modem To allwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES L. GOEHRING, of Allegheny, county ofAllegheny, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Machines for Orna-' menting W'ood or other Material; andI do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification, and to the figures andletters of reference marked thereon.

My present invention relates generally to the art of wood-working andthat class of machines adapted to form flooring, wainscoting, &c., orcut wood on lines other than straight and parallel with the line of feedof the material; and it has for its objects to provide a machineembodying a rotary cutter-head that operates upon the material so as tocause it to cut a series of curves of any desired configuration, butparticularly regular reverse curves or waves, the arcs of succeedingones being equal without the use of special cams cut for each curvedesired.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagram showing the movementof acutte rhead and the line of cut when reciprocated by an ordinaryeccentric cam or crank; Fig;

2, a diagram showing the movement when op erated by my improved methodand apparatus employed by me; Fig. 3, a plan view of the preferred formof means employed for carrying outthe invention; Fig. 4, a sectionalview on the line w a; of Fig. 3, showing a cutter-head and its actuatingmechanism; Fig. 5, a face view of the eccentric cam; Fig. 6, a similarview of the other side; Fig. 7, a sectional View of the same.

Similar letters of reference in the several figures indicate similarparts.

Heretofore it has been impossible to out true regular reverse curves onthe edges of boards or strips by means of a rotary cutterhead actuatedtoward and from the progressively-moving strip by a true eccentric cam2'. e., one formed by a circular rim set eccentric to its center ofrotation-for the reason that the line of out shifts from one side of theline in which the head travels to the other as different parts of thecurve are traversed.

In the dragram Fig. 1,the line at will represent that in which thecenter of the cutterhead will travel relative to the strip or boardAwhen reciprocated by an eccentric cam; but it will be noticed that theouter edge of the head, being thrown forward of the center, willtraverse the line a d, this being caused by the shifting of the line ofcut from one side of the line of movement of the head to the other. Byreference to the circles b b b b in said diagram, indicating differentpositions of the cutters relative to the board, it will be seen thatwhen they are at the crowns and hollows of the waves, respectively, theradial lines c at right angles to the head intersect the strip at thecutting-points and are parallel with the line in which the cutter-headreciprocates; but along the inclines of the waves the intersecting radiicl of the cutting-points are at an angle to the strip and to the line inwhich the cutter reciprocates, and it will also be seen that theseintersecting lines vary from c tof during the passage of the board fromcrest to hollow and from hollow to crest of the waves or curves, andthat during such variations the movement of the cutter toward and fromthe strip must be accelerated at the points where the line of cut is inadvance of the center or radial line 0 and retarded when it istin therear of it. In other words, the cuttin g-edge must be caused to travelin the line traversed by the center of the cutter-head when moved by anordinary eccentric, and the center line of the head to traverse the linetraversed by the cutter-edge when operated by the same means. This isshown diagrammaticallyin Fig. 2, wherein line 6 f is the one desired tobe cut, and g 72. that traversed by the rotating center of the head, theforward movement of the head when moving from the position 6' increasingup to the maximum at) and decreasing at g again, while from g to h it isslower, the slowest point being at h or the crest of the wave, thengradually increases in speed to f again when it is fastest. Of coursethis movement could be produced by a cam having an irregular surface,but the objection to this form of device is that it is very expensive tomake; but more than all a diiferent cam must be employed for each curvedesired-that is, each curve of different depth must have a different camprovided for itbut I have discovered that by moving the cutter-headtoward and from or over the surface of the material by a devlceproducing a determinate movement, constant in amplitude, (as aneccentric connection,) and causing the device to vary in speed atdifferent portions of its movement, an infinite number of regular orirregular curves can be produced.

My invention therefore consists, broadly, in providing mechanism formoving a cutterhead toward and from the center of the pro gressively-moving material by means of a rotary eccentric or crank of determinatethrow and varying the speed of said eccentric durng its rotation tochange the line of out; also, in an improved machine for forming aseries of regular reverse curves on boards or strips by moving acutter-head toward and from the progressively-moving material by meansof a rotary eccentric or crank of determinate throw and compensating forthe shifting of the line of cut of said head by varying the speed ofsaid eccentric during its rotation, and it is obvious that variousmodifications can be made of the mechanism shown, though, for reasonspresently stated, I prefer to employ that illustrated in theaccompanying drawlugs, which I will now proceed to describe, but do notdesire to be limited to this form otherwise than as specified in theclaims.

Referring particularly to Figs. 3 to 7, 1 represents a portion of theframework of any suitably machine embodying suitable support 2 for theboard or strip A to be operated upon, over or by which it is positivelyfed forward past the cutter 3.

A roller is shown in Fig. 4 as a conventional form of feed mechanism;but in practice I prefer the mechanism shown, for instance, in PatentNo. 435,265, dated August 26, 1890; but other feeding devices could ofcourse be employed.

The head 3 is mounted on a suitable spindle or shaft 4, rotated rapidlyin frame 5, which latter is adapted to be reciprocated toward andpermitted to move from the board by a pitman 7, having on its outer endastrip or yoke embracing an eccentric cam 8. The frame or slide 5 ispressed outward and its pitman held against the cam by a spring 40,operating upon it and the main frame, which form of device I prefer toan eccentric-strap connection, as all lost motion is thereby taken up.The cam S is provided with a rectangular elongated opening 9, fittingover a block 10, keyed or otherwise rigidly secured to a short shaft 11,having its bearing in a movable bearing-block 12, mounted on astationary frame or way 13 on the main frame of the machine, and saidcam is connected to the block 10 by a screw 14, passing loosely throughalug15on thecam and screwing into a lug 16on the block 10, so that bymoving said screw the eccentricity of the cam can be readily adjusted,and it can be secured in adjusted position bya bolt 17, passing throughslot 18 in a flange formed on the block and entering the side of thecam. Secured rigidly to the other side of the cam 8 is a plate 19,having a way or slot 20 therein crossing the center of the shaft in theplane of movement of the cam of the shaft.

A suitable scale is provided on the way 13, with which co-operates apointer or index 21 for indicating the amount of adjustment of the block12, and said block maybe adjusted on its way by means of a screw 22,rotating freely in the end of way 13 and screwing into the block, thelongitudinal movement of the screw being prevented by suitable collars,asusual.

In a machine adapted to form flooring or wainscoting it is of coursedesirable to have both sides of the board or strip cut at the same time,and for this purpose two cutter-heads will have to be employed, themovement of the second head toward and from the strip relative to thefirst cutter-head being dependent upon its position, and in illustratingthis device I have therefore shown devices for operatin g two headssupposed to be arranged on opposite sides of the material operated upon,but of course do not desire to be confined to this arrangement orconstruction of parts. The construction of the cams and pitmen foractuating the cutter-heads being the same, and the only differencebeingin their adjustment with relation to the motive power, the previousdescription will answer for both. Arranged between these shafts 11 andin the same plane therewith is a shaft 23, having a gear 24 thereon forrotating it at a regular speed, or any other suitable driving means maybe employed. On one end of shaft 23 is provided a collar 25, preferablysecured rigidly, though removably, in position by means of a movable keyor spline 36, engaging the shaft and held in contact with the shaft by aset-screw 27, passing through the collar. The other end of the shaft isencircled by a collar 28, held in position by means of a setscrew 29 andprovided with an index or pointer 30, co-operating with a graduatedscale on a collar 31 on the shaft, so that the rotary adjustment of thecollar 28 on the shaft can be detel-mined to a nicety. Formed upon theouter sides of the collars 25 and 28 are crank-pins 32, havingrectangular blocks 33 journaled thereon and arranged, when the parts aretogether, to slide in the ways 20 on the sides of the eccentrics.

As stated, the shafts 23 and 11 are in the same horizontal plane andwhen they are also in the same vertical plane or in line the pointersorindices 21 will be at the zero-points on the scales and the crank-pins32 will cause the rotation of the shafts 11 and 23 synchronously and thegreater or less movement of the cutter-heads by the cams 8, dependentupon the eccentrical adjustment, thereby producing the movement of thecutter-heads on the lines shown in Fig. 1; but by adjusting thus causingthe desired motion.

the blocks carrying the eccentric-shafts 11 outward by means ofset-screws 22, (the amount being determined by reading the scale withwhich index 21 co-operates and comparing it with a previously-preparedtab1e,) the two shafts will be thrown out of a vertical plane and thecrank-pin 32 will describe circles eccentric to the shaft 11 (thesliding blocks transmitting motion) and will vary the rotation of thelatter, giving it a fast motion when near the center of rotationthat is,when passing from c to g(see Fig. 2) while the crank-pins will be movingfarther from the center when the line of cut from g to e is being made,and consequently the speed of rotation of the shaft 11 will be slower,

By this adj usting of the cam on its shaft 11 the depth of the cut to bemade can be easily regulated; but at the same time the shaft 11 willhave to be adjusted also to produce the fast and slow motion at theproper points when makin g regular curves. However, if it is desirableto cut the board on difierentlines the adj ustment of the cam and alsothe outward movement of the shaft can be changed relative to each otherto produce an irregular but constantly-repeating curve, as will beunderstood. The length between the crests of the waves or curves can bechanged by increasing the speed of the material relative to thefrequency of the inward movement of the cutterheads. As stated, theadjustment of the two collars or disks 25 and 28 relative each otherwill depend entirely upon their relation to each other in the directionof the movement of the board and the parts of the wave operated upon bythem simultaneously.

It will be noticed that the various adjustments of the parts,particularly that of the shafts 11 and 23, relative to each other, alsopermits the elimination of the slight error that might otherwise occurincalculation, due to the up-and-down movement of the pitman operating onthe eccentric.

The mechanism herein shown for carrying out my present invention is onlyone form of the many that can readily be devised for the purpose; butthis I have practically operated and find it admirably adapted for thepurpose, and by the use of a single eccentric cam I can produce aninfinite number of different curves, either regular or irregular, sothat if waved or serpentine flooring or wainscoting is to be madematcher cutter-heads can be employed and all the boards will be found tomatch and fit exactly and each of the curves being regular, and this atany point in their length; or, instead of employing cutterheadsoperating on the sides of the boards, the mechanism illustrated in myprior patents, particularly No. 394,767, dated December 18,1888,forforminggeometricalfigureson thesurface of a board by a cutterhaving its axis parallel with the plane of movement of the board, couldbe operated by my herein-described mechanism and different designsproduced.

In my machine I wish it understood that I regard a crank or any othersim lar device for producing an even reciprocation of the cutter-head,the speed of rotation of which is varied, as described, as theequivalentof an eccentric cam shown and described herein, the latterbeing but one form of device for the purpose.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a wood-working machine, the combination,with feeding mechanism for advancing the material, of a rotarycutter-head, a rotary eccentric or crankfor operating the cutter towardand fromor over the material at an angle to the line of feed, and mechansm for varying the speed of theeccentric during its rotation,substantially as described.

2. In a wood-working machine, the combination, with feeding mechanismfor advancing the material, of a rotary cutter-head, a rotary eccentricor crank of determined throw for operating the cutter toward and fromthe center line of the material at an angle to the line of feed, andmechanism for varying the speed of the eccentric during its rotation,substantially as described.

3. The combination, with a movable frame, a cutter-head mounted thereon,and an eccentric cam reciprocating said frame, of a shaft, a crank-pinthereon engaging Wlblltlld rotating the eccentric, and means for adusting the crank and cam relative to the rotary center of the latter,substantially as described.

4. The combination, with a movable frame, a cutter-head mounted thereon,and an eccentric cam for reciprocating said frame, of a shaft, acrank-pin thereon engaging with and operating the eccentric, saideccentric and shaft being adjustable relative to each other in a planeparallel with the movement of the movable frame, whereby the position ofthe pin relative to the center of rotation of the cam may be changed,substantially as described.

5. The combination, with amovable frame, a cutter-head mounted thereon,a movable block, and a rotary eccentric cam mounted upon the block andconnected to the frame for reciprocating it, of a rotary shaft mountedin stationary bearings and having acrankpin for rotating the cam,substantially as described.

. 6. The combination, with a movable frame, a cutter-head mountedthereon, a movable block, and a rotary eccentric cam mounted on ithaving the groove in its face and connected to the frame forreciprocating it, of a rotary shaft, and a crank-pin thereon operatingin the groove in the cam, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with the movable frame, a cutter-head thereon, anadjustable eccentric cam, of a rotary shafthaving a crank-pinco-operating with the cam and. rotating it, said cam and shaft beingadjustable relative to each other, whereby the position of the pinhaving the crank-pin and sliding block thereon, of the cam having theslot or way for said block, the movable block in which the cam ismounted, the movable frame and the cutter-head thereon, and connectionsbetween said frame and the cam for causing the reciprocation of theformer by the rotation of latter, substantially as described.

CHARLES L. GOEI-IRING.

\Vitnesses:

HERMAN H. MUTSCHLER, FRED F. CH RCH.

the 20

